Hipaa Which Stands For Health Insurance Portability And

HIPAA which stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act was established August 21st in 1996. The bill was signed by Bill Clinton who was president of United States during the following date. HIPAA is used for protecting the privacy of a client’s personal and health information. This policy is also used to providing electronic and physical security of one’s information. HIPAA is also known as being a security rule. In order to get this policy passed, the HIPAA required the Secretary of the U.S Department of Health and Human Services to develop rules in regards to protecting the privacy of certain health information (Secretary, 2013). HIPAA is currently used at many facilities such as; nursing homes, hospitals, hospice†¦show more content†¦Therefore, keeping a client’s information as private as private unless mandated otherwise is a big deal. If a client chooses to allow his or her information to be released, then that is a part of thei r resident or client rights and a form must be signed upon admission. HIPAA was introduced as a broad Congressional attempt at healthcare reform. Initially this act was brought forth as being the Kennedy-Kassebaum Bill. The HIPAA legislation demanded the Department of Health and Human Services to broadcast regulations on the specified areas of HIPAA, which were called Rules. These Rules were finalized at various times and health care organizations had 2 or 3 years to comply with the demanded requirements. The date which the legislation for HIPAA was proposed on August 21, 1996 by the United States Congress. Medicaid is defined as being a jointly funded state-federal health care program administered in Texas by the Health and Human Services Commission. Medicaid was established in 1967 and also stemmed from Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act P.L. 111-148 (Strategic Decision Support Team, 2010). Some of the goals and objectives within Medicaid are to make it less of a struggle for clients to get care, protects against out-of-pocket through the roof cost, and also to achieve cost savings for the state and federal government through the many improvements in coordination, as well as care (Eighty-First Texas Legislature, 1967). Intended beneficiaries ofShow MoreRelatedThe Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act1438 Words   |  6 Pagesand with that type of power you can bet that the country would be corrupt. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act is there to prevent such events happening. HIPAA, or Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, was implemented to help serve the people and keep information safe. Originally it started out as a way to ensure that Americans going between jobs would still be covered by their insurance companies. Since then the act has came a long way in protecting the AmericanRead MoreLegal Theories That Affect A Manager s Decisions Essay945 Words   |  4 Pagesto the health/science field and the business within that field among employees. Within the medical setting, (such as hospitals, clinics, science labs, etc.) the HIPAA law is rule enforced by the managers, directors, etc., to all of the employees. The HIPAA law affects the actions of not only the employees but also the managers’ actions and decisions when using the HIPAA law. This affects how the medical business operates as a whole. The term HIPAA stands for Health Insurance Portability and AccountabilityRead MoreBeing An American Guarantees The Right And Responsibility1370 Words   |  6 Pagesand responsibility of having Health Insurance. Whether you have Health Insurance coverage through your job, spouse, serving in the military, it is very critical in this day in age, a person to have some kind of coverage. There are many types of Insurance you may receive and different types of organizations, such as a Preferred Plan Organization, or Health Maintenance Organization. They type of Insurance you receive is your decision as well. The history of Health Insurance beings with its revolutionRead MoreHipaa Compliance : Health Care1650 Words   |  7 PagesNikeyah Youngblood Ms.Pounds English IV 3 October 2016 HIPAA Compliance According to Michael Moore,† health care should be between the doctor and the patient. If the doctor says something needs to be done, the government should guarantee it gets paid for.† I strongly agree with Michael Moore’s statement about how health care needs to be confidential. If anything should be done, then the federal government are the ones to offer it. Health information is to help doctors understand their patient’sRead MoreWhat Is Hipaa? Hipaa Stands For Health Insurance Portability866 Words   |  4 Pages What is HIPAA? HIPAA stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. The primary goal of HIPAA is to protect people’s health insurance and their confidentiality. Health care providers, clearinghouses and health insurance plans must comply with the guidelines that HIPAA mandates. In this paper we will go over the purpose for the development of HIPAA, how long it took to implement, organizations that are affected by it, some standard requirements and a description of code sets andRead MoreEssay on ERISA, COBRA, HIPAA949 Words   |  4 Pagesenacted within the last forty years; ERISA, COBRA and HIPAA. Each one of these laws was created to foster development and improvement in the welfare of the wage earners, job seekers, and retirees of the United States. The mainstays of these three pieces of legislation are to improve working conditions; to add advanced opportunities for profitable employment, protect employees, and to assure work related benefits and rights. What is ERISA? ERISA stands for Employee Retirement Income Security Act. ERISARead MoreHIPAA Case Study719 Words   |  3 PagesWhat every Mobile App Developer should know about HIPAA Compliance HIPAA stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. It has been in place from 1996. This act set the initial rules regarding the usage and disclosure of personal health information. A person’s Protected Health Information is also referred to as PHI. PHI is any given information about health status, payment for health care or provision of health care that can be associated with a particular person. This is ratherRead MoreUse Of Technology And Social Media1564 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Social Media Usage:2005-2015†, almost two-thirds of the American adults which composes about 65% of the population, uses social networking sites (Perrin, 2015). Two-thirds of the adult population reflects on the amplification of usage upon teens and upcoming generations. Perrin stresses that social media has affected politics, work, communication patterns, receiving and sharing information about health (2015). In the health care field, technology and social media has been incorporated to be usedRead MoreWhat Are The Standardized Code Sets?762 Words   |  4 PagesHIPAA as we have all learned by now stands for the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. HIPAA mandates providers and contractors to use approved standardized code sets so as to ensure the ebb and flow of our health care system can continue to improve and become more efficient. Lets look at it another way. You have hundreds of thousands of medical facilities all coding their bills. Imagine if they all did things differently and all used different code sets how much harder it wouldRead MoreImproving Patient Care1544 Words   |  7 PagesQuality Utilizing the Electronic Health Record Melissa Fuller HCA 417 John Saindon April 29, 2013 Improving Patient Care and Quality Utilizing the Electronic Health Record Improving patient care is a process that always has room for improvements. It is important to make sure patients receive the best quality care available. Studies suggest that high quality patient care relies on careful documentation of each patient s medical history, health status, current medical conditions

Othello And The Western Canonical Presentation Of His Race...

Othello and the western canonical presentation of his race, has been reproduced numerous times throughout history. The post-colonial writings of Morrison and Chatterjee tackle how Othello and the presentation of his race are exploited as a form of entertainment. They write back and explore the relationship between Othello’s racial identity and the harm viewing race as a form of entertainment can have culturally in a globalised world. Othello is presented as a story devised by Desdemona in Morrison’s play. He claims ‘[w]hat excited you was my strange story†¦ fantastic adventures, stories of freaks and miracles’ (Morrison and TraoreÃŒ  51) and that she ‘fancied the idea’ (50) where he is reduced to a tale she has devised. He becomes a concept which belongs to Desdemona and like a story, his character, becomes a tool for her entertainment. Othello loses ownership in the presentation of his culture as the perception of his culture becomes her (Western) view. Desdemona’s entertaining fantasy of Othello concerns the exotic. It is presented negatively, as his entertainment value relates to the bizarre being ‘strange [and full of] freaks and miracles’ (51); it echoes the idea of a freak show exploiting abnormalities. The image of ‘the exotic foreigner’ (50) is further developed too by Desdemona’s own view of Othello with his ‘sw ord at his side (50)’. While conversing with Othello she avoids using personal pronouns and engaging the physical man before her to her ownShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing And King Lear3685 Words   |  15 Pagesâ€Å"Much Ado about Nothing† and â€Å"King Lear Introduction Shakespeare is seen to value the role of women as his plays often portray women as heroines. These women have strong characters that endear them to readers. Readers in our current world, and especially women, are encouraged to be self-assertive in demand for equal treatment in our society. This has been the tradition for women in the Western world and is one that should be spread across all societies in the whole world. The characters that this

Energy Consumption by Different Sectors-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Urban infrastructure in commercial and individual use with human expensive. Answer: Introduction Sustainability of energy is an important determinant for survival of quality life of human settlements. Urban energy consumption is higher and it involves industrial operations mainly and buildings and transportations. Rural energy consumption is low as rural areas are still developing and using traditional sources and methods. Global energy requirements are measured as energy requirement across every industrial sector, technological sector and daily household need across country (Energy, 2015). Evolution of energy sources started from Middle Ages and now with advanced technologies and human skills energy has dominated the whole world. Energy resources have triggered trends in society by evolving technologies that make an individuals life easy. Population growth has played a major role in evolution of energy as people have contributed to utilize energy sources and at the same time fulfill the demands of people. The amount of energy is consumed by humans are rapid and it need to be re stored. Energy sources in coming decades will change by introducing some methods and strategies (Twidell and Weir, 2015). The purpose of this report is to focus on how to achieve sustainable development of energy sources and how energy sources will evolve in coming future. The structure of this report is to determine objective, sustainable factors for energy sources including current usage and strategies. Discussion The objective of the report is to determine energy consumption by different sectors and individuals in rural and urban infrastructure. Critical factors for current and future challenges of energy sources consumption and proposal of ideas for sustainability of energy sources in future are also focused in this report. Energy sustainability factor The energy sources over the past decades has evolved and exceeded all the expectations. Energy sources production and capacity has increased substantially and spreading across the globe (Grubb, 2014). Energy sources are continually developing and it has shown massive investment, capacity and integrations across all the industrial sectors and technological sectors. History of energy sources Earlier, energy consumption was widely acknowledged but at that time people were not able to harness full potential of energy sources. Mostly used energy sources are renewable energy sources which are used from generations. The traditional energy sources used were burned woods, straw and dried dung in early periods (Kazmierski and Beeby, 2014). People started to utilize this renewable energy sources on large scale with advanced technologies. Renewable energy sources are cheap therefore demand for this energy sources are huge. Thus industries started utilizing these sources using advanced technologies and this in turn helped them in economic development. Huge demand of renewable energy sources compelled industries all over the world to develop non-renewable energy sources using renewable energy sources. Figure 1: Most Important Renewable Energy Resources (Source: Singh, Olsen and Pant 2013) Implementation of energy sources Department of energy government of United States of America has described energy sources in different sections (Energy.gov, 2017). They are clean energy, fossil, electric power, hydrogen and fuel cells. Clean energy sources in America have steady expansion and it includes solar energy, wind energy, water, geothermal energy, bio energy and nuclear energy. They have started this clean energy revolution to make energy sources more secure and provide clean energy. Solar energy has evolved with usage of solar panels and solar cells in household and industrial use. Wind energy is another clean energy sources which contributes to clean air and it cuts pollution. Wind energy is implemented through Wind Vision in Energy Department of America. Wind visions objective is to explore potential usage of wind energy for improved air quality. They use wind mill with advanced technology to harness energy (Dinesh et al., 2016). Water energy is most valuable and has vast applications in energy sector. E nergy Department of America has redefined their hydropower infrastructure using advanced technologies to generate energy. The traditional ways to harness wave and tide energy were dams however advanced hydropower technologies dominated the traditional way. Hydropower provides benefit of flood control and irrigation also in addition with energy sources. Geothermal energy is generated through underground surface and it can be harnessed to generate clean energy to reduce green house gases. Geothermal energy uses enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) to generate energy which is affordable and cheap (Energy.gov, 2017). Bio energy is an organic source of energy as it includes forest and animal residues. The fuels such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel are bio energy. Feedstock is used as bio fuels for bio energy. It is cheap than any other clean and renewable energy. Nuclear energy is useful to generate heat and electricity as it helps in national defense activities for America government or a ny other country. There are different types of reactor technologies used for generating nuclear energy. Fossil energy sources such as coal, oil and natural gas are limited and to restore and to use it efficiently, Department of Energy of America has adopted strategies. Energy Department is working to develop strategies to harness coal energy which is cleaner and they have developed technology that capture, utilize and does sequestration. Oil is mainly used for transportation and heating however America has been less dependent on oil in recent years. They use offshore drilling practices to harness oil. Natural gas is an abundant resource which has seen dramatic growth in recent years and methane hydrates is used as natural gas. They have developed shale gas and using liquefied form of natural gas. Energy Department has used electricity as secondary energy source which is a combination of fossil, nuclear, wind and solar (Sandhu and Thakur, 2014). They have developed smart grid infrast ructure which is secure from cyber attack and any physical attack. These grids can withstand any extreme weather situations. Fuel cell produces electricity using fuel cell technologies office which is focused on advance hydrogen and energy security. Fuel cells are mainly used for transportation and commercial buildings which includes hydrogen energy. These are all different types of energy sources which are used by America Government and all other countries work in almost similar way. Energy Department of America has upgraded its technologies to store renewable energy sources in better way (Xia et al., 2014). They are using batteries with large scale grids and pumped hydropower for energy storage. Figure 2: Energy Consumption in the U.S. (Source: Eia.gov, 2017) Challenges of sustainability of energy sources There are limited renewable energy sources from which some are limited and some are abundant globally. National Agencies of different countries is developing strategies to restore energy and ways of storing the available energy for future use. Sustainability of energy sources globally is a major concern for every nation as it is exhausting rapidly. Sustainability of energy sources is not only a concern but the effect of this energy sources in climatic change and environmental change. The average use of energy sources is growing fast and there is a threat to energy sources. Deployment of technologies to harness energy sources and make it as clean energy that does not affect air quality and other environmental quality is necessary for every country (Patel and Patel, 2016). However this is a concern for countries which are not so developed. Developed countries have no major concern for adopting advanced technologies while not so developed countries see this deployment of technologies as a barrier because of cost and lack of approaches to balance expenditure between renewable energy source and fossil fuels. These are seen as obstacles for under developed countries and thus they are unable to develop beyond the infrastructure of energy sources available to them. Renewable energy source also face economic, policy, structural and social challenges in deploying technologies for harnessing energy sources. There is challenge to minimize the gap between energy supply and demand. The threat of exhaustion of energy sources is due to human kind (Lu et al., 2013). Inefficient use of energy sources by human kind are a major concern as there are several risks such as public health risks and climatic risks. Energy sources face challenges in sustainability in social, economic and environmental sector. The global economy through energy sources are going to rise in coming years which results in more usage of renewable energy sources. However this will improve peoples standard of li ving and more benefits in regular chores. According to Greenfacts, demand of oil and carbon dioxide emission has increased triggering climatic threats (Greenfacts.org, 2017). They are regularly trying to adopt strategies to tackle the risks of climatic and environmental changes. The other challenge is lack of skills and knowledge to deploy advanced technologies and to use those technologies for harnessing energy sources. Acquiring full potential of energy sources require high level skills and research and researchers are regularly analyzing the energy sources and developing strategies to deploy. These are the challenges which have been existed from beginning however some are efficiently managed and converted to useful energy sources (Letcher, Law and Reay, 2016). Countries have evolved in this sector and they have managed to modify energy sources however they are still working on energy sources to harness its potential to use it as cleaner energy sources. Proposed strategies for energy sustainability The above paragraphs shows how energy sources has evolved in recent years and challenges faced by energy sources. Some challenges are environmental and some are human generated therefore researchers has proposed different strategies to tackle the issues related to energy sources and ways for sustainability of energy sources. According to World Energy Resources (WER) report, the principles used in recent years are record deployment of renewable energy sources for power generation through wind and solar energy (World Energy Resources | 2016, 2017). The other is increasing demand of shale gas in some countries, and implementation of advanced technologies in particular countries. Lastly the introduction and implementation of electric vehicles like cars and bikes. Researchers have proposed strategies for sustainability of energy sources. There are limited oil and gas resources therefore dependence on fossil fuel will increase in coming years but the question remains unanswered whether in coming future coal will be enough as energy sources. Nuclear energy is fast growing and it is unlimited and it can be used in future to harness power. The possibility of analyzing the use of energy sources is not defined clearly as various factors are coming in between usage and depletion of these sources. The global environmental changes are unpredictable but human behaviors are predictable therefore, human can be key driving force to help in sustainable energy sources (Lee, Speight and Loyalka, 2014). The energy sources are developing and every country needs to deploy advanced technologies and at the same time follow government policies to manage power generated by energy sources. The long term perspective for energy sources can be seen as stable as the use of current technologies is enough for utilizing energy sources. The use of energy sources contributes to development of economic growth. According to Forbes, future is nuclear energy and not fossil (Forbes.com, 2017). This is b ecause although fossil is abundant but fundamentally limited and renewable sources like wind energy, solar energy and hydro energy has limitations of different type. They are not consistent. Therefore, nuclear energy is the only energy source which will dominate in near future. Renewable energy inconsistent and fossil is limited and contributes to pollution (Vosylius, Rakutis and Tvaronavi?ien?, 2013). However, nuclear energy source has strong effect and it is widely used. Figure 3: Energy Management Cycle (Source: Emanz.org.nz, 2018) Conclusion The above discussions conclude that energy sources are important for global development and economic growth. However, ineffective uses of energy sources are resulting in depletion of resources. The energy sources such as renewable sources are inconsistent and it can government cannot depend on this source and fossil are limited and can be exhausted if used inefficiently. Nuclear energy is going to be a boon for industrial purposes as it is more reliable. The implementation of energy source in a particular country is also discussed focusing on different types of energy sources. The above discussions also focus on the challenges faced by energy sector and how it will effect in future. Therefore, it can be concluded that the sustainability of energy sources is important for global economic development. Sustainability can be achieved through proposed policies by Government and effective use of energy sources by human kind. Future of energy sources is stable as current technologies are ve ry useful. References Dinesh, K., Prasath, C.R., Jarvis, D.M., Kumar, D.S., Venkatesh, R. and Scholar, U.G., 2016. Design and Implementation of Wind Energy based Negative Output Super-Lift LUO Converter.International Journal of Engineering Science,3134. Energy, E., 2015. Renewable energy sources.Ergon Energy. Energy.gov., 2017.Energy Sources | Department of Energy. [online] Available at: https://energy.gov/science-innovation/energy-sources [Accessed 18 Dec. 2017]. Forbes.com., 2017.Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/04/12/the-future-of-energy-isnt-fossil-fuels-or-renewables-its-nuclear-fusion/#2b236ab53bee [Accessed 18 Dec. 2017]. Greenfacts.org., 2017.Energy Technologies: 1. Introduction: What challenges is the energy sector facing?. [online] Available at: https://www.greenfacts.org/en/energy-technologies/l-2/1-energy-sector-challenges.htm [Accessed 18 Dec. 2017]. Grubb, M., 2014.Planetary economics: energy, climate change and the three domains of sustainable development. Routledge. Kazmierski, T.J. and Beeby, S., 2014.Energy harvesting systems. Springer. Lee, S., Speight, J.G. and Loyalka, S.K. eds., 2014.Handbook of alternative fuel technologies. crc Press. Letcher, T.M., Law, R. and Reay, D., 2016.Storing Energy: With Special Reference to Renewable Energy Sources. Elsevier. Lu, L., Tu, J., Chau, C.K., Chen, M. and Lin, X., 2013.Online energy generation scheduling for microgrids with intermittent energy sources and co-generation(Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 53-66). ACM. Patel, M. and Patel, A.M., 2016. ROLE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN POWER SYSTEM AND FUTURE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT. Sandhu, E.M. and Thakur, D.T., 2014. Issues, Challenges, Causes, Impacts and Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources-Grid Integration.Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications,4(3), pp.636-643. Twidell, J. and Weir, T., 2015.Renewable energy resources. Routledge. Vosylius, E., Rakutis, V. and Tvaronavi?ien?, M., 2013. ECONOMIC GROWTH, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENERGY SECURITY INTERRELATIONS.Journal of Security Sustainability Issues,2(3). World Energy Resources | 2016., 2017. [ebook] WECouncil. Available at: https://www.worldenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/World-Energy-Resources-Full-report-2016.10.03.pdf [Accessed 18 Dec. 2017]. Xia, H., Hu, M.Z., Meng, Y.S., Xie, J. and Zhao, X., 2014. Nanostructured materials for clean energy and environmental challenges.Journal of Nanomaterials,201

Research Methodology And Statistics Psychology Essay Example

Research Methodology And Statistics Psychology Essay Research work involves roll uping and analysing information and this type of work involves the employment of assorted techniques to carry through and compose a good paper or coming up with the appropriate research consequences ( Black, 1999 ) . Research helps people in general to do enlightening determinations in their assorted capacities or caliber in the society. In doing proper determinations in the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life we do this through acquiring information from wirelesss, reading magazines and newspapers, watching telecastings and other beginnings of information that may be availed to us. Research besides helps people to understand what is go oning in the society or what is go oning to a company and whether it affects the populace or non ( Heppner et al, 1999 ) . Further when asking about something, for case a school or a certain university, these activities require some kind of research in one manner or another. Some research workers argue that, by simp ly watching or detecting what is traveling on in the society is in itself research work- a procedure where we collect information or informations so as to move on the same. Research is a signifier of inquiring inquiries in a certain country in order to garner the needed information and information which is subsequently analyzed and eventually one gets consequences which are used to do appropriate decisions and recommendations. This paper will concentrate on research methodological analysiss and statistics and the manner the two are utile in research work. Since research involves assorted methods and attacks it is of import for a research worker to take the most appropriate research methods and statistical trials that will assist him/her in carry throughing what they want. Therefore, this paper will discourse the assorted methods used in informations aggregation and sampling of the same information. In the treatment disadvantages and advantages of these research methods will be discussed. Finally, the paper will analyse two instance surveies that have been put frontward. For one to come up with accurate consequences and do prudent decisions and recommendations it is of import for the research worker to utilize the most appropriate research methodological analysis for the research. For a good research to be accomplished the undermentioned research attacks are used: Correlation survey is used to look into the relation of two different variables and to mensurate their association between each other. When making this survey the individual who is carry oning the survey examines the already bing variables and cheques how they are related to one another. Correlation is done in order to find and do anticipations about certain variables which are based on what is known on the other variables ( Creswell, 1998 ) . It is of import to observe that in a correlativity survey the research worker steps already bing conditions which are known. For case, if we take the correlativity between the educated people and their income we are able to reason that people who are most educated earn better and higher wages. Research workers are able to foretell on variables if there is a correlativity between two variables. This is so because if one is able to cognize the figure of twelvemonth one has been in instruction the research worker is able to foretell the wage or in come. There are two different types of correlativity in the research survey and they are negative and positive correlativities. The ulterior type of correlativity involves increase of both variables, like wise if the variables are diminishing both of them must make the same ( LaFountain A ; Bartos, 2002 ) . For case the illustration which was used earlier is a positive type of correlativity because for the income to increase the figure of old ages inn instruction must be increased. In negative correlativity, when the values of one point or variable lessenings the other variable additions. An illustration of negative correlativity is where a pupil spends more clip watching telecasting the classs go down. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Methodology And Statistics Psychology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Methodology And Statistics Psychology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Methodology And Statistics Psychology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To add to that, in correlativity survey different types of measuring are used for illustration ordinal graduated table, nominal graduated table and ratio measuring. For case while making a nominal measuring persons use labels. Nominal graduated table offer labels and names for specific features. Advantage Research workers are able to do anticipations on things if their correlativities are known unlike in insouciant comparative survey ( LaFountain A ; Bartos, 2002 ) . Disadvantage Correlation is hard to retrieve since cause is non measured. Research workers are non able to cognize what caused the other thing to go on even though they are related ( LaFountain A ; Bartos, 2002 ) . Causal-comparative survey This type of research involves the description of already bing scenarios and conditions. In this survey the research worker tries to find the ground or the cause the differences that are in being between two or more different persons or groups ( Rosenthal A ; Rosnow, 199 ) . Such a survey is called a descriptive survey since the events which are involved have already occurred and the survey must be conducted in retrospect. The attack of this survey involves analysing the consequence of the job and so finding the cause of the job or of that consequence. Therefore, the attack of insouciant comparative survey begins with the cause of the consequence and so investigates the effects of that cause on some variables that are involved in the survey. This type of survey is normally used in research establishments for educational intents ( Gay et al, 2008 ) . This type of survey involves comparing of variables instead than indentifying the relationship between the variables as is in the insta nce of correlativity survey therefore doing it more desirable for research. Normally in this type of survey persons are non involved in the allotment of interventions, this is because they are merely involved as a group but non as persons. In this survey merely groups are involved which may be one or more groups but assigned to one independent variable that can non be manipulated but can be improved ( Brown, 1998 ) . The survey ensures that the pick of groups is different from the independent variable which is assigned to the groups therefore doing it non to be manipulated. For case one can non pull strings gender or age of the participants. Advantages The variables in that are involved in the survey can non be manipulated ; hence doing it desirable, this is different from other types of surveies for illustration the colour survey. The survey tries to foreground the cause of the consequence hence doing it easier for the execution squad to work out it more easy ( Rosenthal A ; Rosnow, 199 ) . Disadvantage Compared to other types of surveies e.g. quasi experimental survey, it does non supply an existent or accurate informations to the research worker ( Rosenthal A ; Rosnow, 199 ) . Quasi-experimental survey Quasi experimental design involves some experiments or surveies which are done, where the research worker has no or small control over the distribution or allocation of the interventions and other factors which are being studied. In this manner of survey there are no random assignments being picked ( Lachin, 1988 ) . This type of survey has its alone characteristics since it uses the analysis of clip series: there is interrupted clip series and the uninterrupted clip series. When one is carry oning this type of survey one has indentified or highlighted the variables that are to be used ( Creswell, 2008 ) . In the pick of the variables the quasi variable must be manipulated so s to hold an consequence on the dependant variable which is usually a group variable with degrees that are different. Grouping of variables signifies that there are two or more such groups as intervention and placebo group which is besides known as the control groups ( Harrison, 2004 ) . The ulterior group is ch iefly used in medical state of affairss or psychological experiments and surveies. Once these state of affairss have been identified so the predicted consequence or result becomes the dependent variable. If the research worker is utilizing the clip analysis so the result which is the dependent variable is observed over a certain period in order to look into whether there may be any alterations that may come up. Advantages This type of design is easier and simple to put up. This characteristic makes the quasi experimental survey to be used where randomisation is impractical compared to other types of survey methods which are complicated ( Creswell, 2008 ) . While utilizing this type of survey, menaces are minimized which may happen to external cogency. This is because the experiments are natural and natural conditions do non hold same crisis of artificiality. Disadvantages Since the experiments can be manipulated, these uses can take to serious fortunes ; this is different in insouciant comparative survey where variables are non manipulated ( Creswell, 2008 ) . Quasi experiments have a lack in randomisation which is different from the remainder of the surveies, therefore makes it hard to make away with confusing variables therefore conveying up new jobs such as internal cogency. Experimental survey This is a type of survey where research workers are involved in some kind of hypothesis and viing methods. An experimental survey is done to either bing theories which are to be proved incorrect or right or the usage of hypothesis. This type of survey involves many methods which are used in work outing a certain job. An experimental survey involves two characteristics that are control and natural experiments. In a controlled experiment usually shows the consequence of a certain intervention on a topic and its effects ( Harrison, 2004 ) . Research workers who use this type of survey usually compare the out comes which have been revealed from the experimental sample against a sample which is controlled. On the other manus natural experiments are ever observation surveies where the interventions are randomly assigned to topics. This means that the assignment of intervention to topics has non been randomized and is really non done by experimenters. Advantage Compared to the insouciant comparative survey most of the consequences are accurate ( Harrison, 2004 ) . Disadvantage This type of survey consume allot of clip and resources when compared to other types of survey methods for case the correlativity survey ( Harrison, 2004 ) . Sampling Methods Research workers use different trying methods in order to come up with prudent consequences for their work, these methods are as discussed below. Random trying This is a type of trying where an interviewer does non follow specific regulations or lists on where to take samples or which people to interview. In this method there is no list of people to be sampled or to be interviewed. Furthermore, in random trying each interviewee has equal opportunities to be chosen as compared to the others. For illustration in a school of 100 pupils, one might set all their names in a pail in order to take among them who will travel for a trip. This means that every 1 has a opportunity to be chosen for the same trip. In this instance the interviewer merely takes some instructions or some simple random instructions for case interview merely the families on the right side of the route or sample merely houses on the Lashkar-e-Taiba manus side of the route. Compared to the other trying methods, people can non form themselves in order to pull strings the procedure since the interviews are non done at preset topographic points or times ( Stringer, 1999 ) . Anothe r advantage which is critical is that if the participants are involved the procedure becomes really representative. On the other manus, this procedure has a really large demerit since it can take to biasness e.g. some interviewers could disregard some streets since they are non obligated to affect them. Stratified sampling This method of trying usually subdivides populations into subgroups which are dependent on the feature of each group or bomber group. In order to give each group a proper representation or interviews random sampling is done ( Stringer, 1999 ) . The advantage of utilizing this manner of sampling is that it ensures that certain groups or specific 1s are good represented through the choice of sample members from the strata list. Compared to other trying methods such as random sampling, this method is complex and requires a greater work force and more attempts than the other trying methods such as random trying method ( Troxel, 2002 ) . Bunch trying Cluster method of trying involves the choice of different types of bunch and single members and families are interviewed. If the geographical countries of trying are big the cost of trying becomes large and consumes more clip that being one of the chief disadvantages. Cluster trying involves geographical countries such as markets and small towns, but other groups are besides clustered e.g. micro finance groups ( Hart, 2003 ) . By utilizing this type of trying method research workers are able to choose groups or persons indiscriminately with out a individual list. But this method has its disadvantage since bunchs must be tantamount but in some fortunes the natural 1s are may non. External and Internal cogency of the survey Before specifying the words internal and external cogency, it is of kernel to take note of the word cogency itself. We might fundamentally province that cogency is determined when one chooses the suited sample or pull a valid sample. Proportions are the lone things which can be said to be valid, but step, designs and samples do non hold cogency. It is of import to observe that step enables research workers to hold valid and appropriate decisions and consequences or else we can state that a sample leads to valid illations. External cogency is the truth of the informations and the decisions which are drawn from the information which has been forwarded that represent what is delivered to the remainder of the population. For case if there is prejudice on the teachers-trainee in some manner or the other so the out semen which is received from the samples may non be valid to the larger population. On the other manus internal cogency refers to the truth of the informations and decisions which are drawn from the information or information that represent the world of what happened ( Hart, 2003 ) . Peoples conclude that by utilizing the WWW site is correlated to knowledge, but we can non fundamentally province that cognition is straight relative to the usage of WWW site. The two issues for illustration could be basically caused by the same factors. For case one can reason that wealthier pupils who have the entree of cyberspace services would make good on the nonsubjective scrutinies or trials compared to the ot her pupils. Therefore if one claims that the plans or interventions caused the consequences or results n the surveies, it is of import to see internal cogency of the insouciant claim. Decision In decision, research workers should the most appropriate research methods in order to hold a positive out put or consequence. It is besides of import for research workers to analyze these research methods to understand them more so that they can hold a smooth clip when making their research work. If research work is done providentially research workers are able to work out assorted issues impacting the society and they are besides able to foretell the consequences of some phenomena ( Brewerton A ; Millward, 2001 ) . Finally research is really helpful in educational establishments since pupils are able to turn out their endowments. Statisticss An independent variable usually is the variable which represents the value that is being manipulated or distorted, while a dependent variable is the consequence or result of an independent variable that is being manipulated. Case survey I An independent variable can be defined as the portion of a phenomenon which exists and besides originates inducement from a dependent variable. In general illustrations include age, weight and size. In this instance integrating class is the independent variable because this is the characteristic which is being manipulated while the dependent variable is the attitude of the pupils towards instruction because it is dependent on the class. The dependent variable in this instance is measured by usage of a graduated table which is rated up to 12 while the independent variable has been classified as a individual entity i.e. class ( Maxwell, 2005 ) . In this instance the average standard divergence should be used since there is merely one group described and the type of informations is from Gaussian population. Case survey II Reliable variable can be defined as a variable that gets the inducement and calculated for the consequences it causes on the survey. In this instance public presentation of the pupils will be considered as the dependant variable while money and nutrient is considered as the independent variable. The step of the dependant variable is the figure of pupils who were being evaluated for the trial. Mugwump variables have been classified in footings of groups. The Pearson correlativity trial should be used in this instance since the research worker is measuring two or more variables ( Scarr, 2009 ) . Case survey III Amplitude trial can be considered to be the independent variable in this instance survey. On the other manus accomplishment of the pupils in the introductory mathematics can be considered as the dependant variable. This is because if the pupils pass their trials the instructor will cognize that they have achieved something in introductory mathematics. The independent variable is measured by the tonss the pupils get in the trial while the dependent variable is measured by figure of pupils who achieve the needed tonss. This survey should utilize the average criterion divergence because there is merely one group involved ( Williams, 2001 ) . Decision In drumhead, statistical analysis is really critical in any research work being conducted. This is because with the informations collected being analyzed, research workers are able to come up with proper decisions and recommendations. Therefore, it is of import for all research workers to take the most appropriate statistical trials for each and different instance ( Marshall A ; Rossman, 1999 ) . For illustration in the 3rd instance that was studied earlier it was prudent to take the standard mean divergence since there was merely one group of variable involved.

10 Words for Bodily Functions and Actions

10 Words for Bodily Functions and Actions 10 Words for Bodily Functions and Actions 10 Words for Bodily Functions and Actions By Mark Nichol No, this list isn’t just for those in the medical profession. Many readers find sesquipedalianism use of overly complicated words when a simpler synonym is available irritating, but ostentatious vocabulary has its place in invective, satire, and standard-issue humor, and can enhance general prose, whether through figurative or literal use. 1. Borborygmus: rumbling (â€Å"What I thought was the rumbling of a truck was only a bout of borborygmus in my stomach†) 2. Emesis: vomiting (â€Å"I turned away in disgust from the vile rhetorical emesis of the racist orator†) 3. Eructation: belching (â€Å"The smokestacks engaged in endless eructation†) 4. Ingurgitation: guzzling (â€Å"We gazed in disbelief at the rampant ingurgitation occurring among the frat boys arrayed around the keg†) 5. Mastication: chewing (â€Å"The students, engrossed in the mental mastication required of the assignment, failed to notice my entrance†) 6. Micturation: urinating (â€Å"They’re micturating over all that we honor and respect†) 7. Osculation: kissing (â€Å"The odious osculation that takes place between politics and big business will never cease†) 8. Peristalsis: swallowing (â€Å"They accepted the lies with peristaltic enthusiasm hook, line, and sinker†) 9. Sternutation: sneezing (â€Å"His incessant explosions of sternutation were unsettling†) 10. Tussis: coughing (â€Å"John produced gratuitous tussis to signal his extreme skepticism†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating ConjunctionsPeace of Mind and A Piece of One's MindWriting a Thank You Note

Modernity and Islamism in Morocco

Modernity and Islamism in Morocco The Break between Modernity and Islamism in Morocco In the Eighteenth century, Islam was the only aspect that bound all the Moroccans together, and this explains why Islam was dominant in the country. Another reason is the geographical location.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modernity and Islamism in Morocco specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The country is situated at Islam’s far frontier which makes Jihadist very influential. The monarchial institution strongly identified with Islam, it influenced the way the communities led their lives. However, modernism brought changes in the country’s governance and Sharia ceased to be the only way to define the government’s models (Ruedy 54). This article will discuss on the period and events that resulted in a break between modernity and Islam Morocco. It will also compare the radicalization of political Islam in Morocco and in Egypt. According to Ruedy ( 54), in the beginning of the Nineteenth century, Sharia began losing its popularity as the only mode of reference in the government. The government began implementing practices that were initially seen as contrary to Islamic religion. The European colonists were determined to change the traditional setting in Morocco’s political system. Change in the political system was met by internal rebellion which threatened to collapse the state. Moroccans in support of Islam practice sought support from Middle East in an effort to resist the new governance. The Moroccan intellectual elite, however, had a different view on the new form of governance.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They studied the Middle Eastern constitutional ideas through the Syrian and Egyptian publications. They represented heterogeneous communities who had some forms of secular ideas. The Moroccan Islamic elite accepted the Pan-Arab and Pan-Islamic ideas wholly, and did not realize the secular content that was in these publications. The Muslims advising the government did not know of the ideological differences that existed in Middle East (55). The Radicalization of Political Islam in Morocco The political language used in the constitutional movement was too modern for the Moroccan Islamic consultants to understand. They were therefore, represented by the young educated Moroccans who participated in the publication of the constitution. These scholars acted as co-authors, and did not participate much in the publication of the constitution. Eventually, the demands by the Muslim representatives came out as a protest against the new governance. Egypt experienced less radicalization of political Islam because the leaders were well informed through publications. They represented the views of a heterogeneous community. Such knowledge prepared the Islamic advisors to accommodate mode rnism in the government while at the same time preserving their religious values. Morocco was more affected than Egypt because its leaders were ignorant and less educated (Ruedy 55-56). By 1923, leaders like Muhammad Ibn Abd alKarim al-Khattabi acknowledged that independence could not be achieved without the freedom from religious fanaticism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modernity and Islamism in Morocco specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, an Egyptian newspaper criticized the leader’s views and saw it as a way of destroying religious bonds and adopting secular views. These leaders simply accepted the European way of governance and were willing to discard their traditional values to adopt the secular ones. Egyptians were educated and integrated modernism in their traditional values. In the 1930’s, Morocco’s main challenge was the two opposing political organizations, one working on how t o modernize Islam while the other one worked on how to include Islam in modernity. Modernists finally managed to make leadership effective through the monarchy. Modernization was embraced while at the same time the traditional Muslim culture was preserved. Religion in Islamic countries goes hand in hand with politics (Ruedy 66-69). Unlike Morocco, Egypt was under authoritarian leadership by President Hosni Mubarak. Mubarak saved the country from opposition by Muslim leaders. The country did not experience the constitutional reforms that were in Morocco (Ottaway 2). Politics and religions are closely related and should be addressed by nations to promote peace. Morocco experienced intense radicalization of political Islam as a result of separating the government from religion. While embracing modernity, communities should preserve their cultural values (Ruedy 69). Ottaway, David B. Morocco’s Arab Spring. 22 June 2011. Web. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/moroccos-arab-spr ing Ruedy, John. Islamism and Secularism in North Africa. New York: St. Martins Press, 1996. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Policies towards Achieving Macroeconomic Stability Term Paper

Policies towards Achieving Macroeconomic Stability - Term Paper Example John Maynard Keynes set a good underpinning for government economic decision that has since then be improved by the post-Keynesian economists, through both support and critic of Keynes ideas. It’s on the basis of these foundations that the government sets policies aimed at attaining long run macro-economic policies. Keynesians approach towards stability In establishing a long term s macroeconomic stability, it deems necessary to first understand what causes instability in the economy. Both monetarist and Keynesian economist agree that the world at times suffers from macroeconomic instability as shown by great recessions and booms. However the two economic thoughts differ on the cause and thus advocate for different approaches towards stability. Keynes study was based on aggregate demand and argued that the changes in the components of demand altered the equilibrium (Beetsma 2004). To the Keynesian economists aggregate demand is identical to output levels that can be measured i n terms of the Gross Domestic product (GDP). The components of demand are, consumption, investment, export surplus and government expenditure modeled as (GDP =C + I+ X + G= AD). Keynesian economics agreed that these demand components always fluctuate and thus the GDP can never be stable. This formed the main critic of self-adjusting mechanism as brought about the classical economists, with Keynesian economists arguing that investment was influenced by marginal efficiency of capital in addition to interest rates. Thus some savings are not invested as some individuals hoard cash balances if they speculate a rise in capital returns. Another cause of instability as observed by the Keynesian economists are fluctuations of the supply side, where output levels can be altered by artificial supply restrictions, wars, changes in cost of production all which reduce the output levels. All the alterations of the equilibrium call for correction measures, with which Keynesian economist suggest the opposite adjustment of either the government expenditure or consumption component. They thus advocate for discretionary fiscal policy where government expenditure is adjusted or alteration of taxes to reduce or increase overall consumption levels. The Keynesian economists argue that money velocity is unstable and unpredictable in nature and thus disregard monetary policies effectiveness in adjusting in equalizing aggregate demand changes. Moreover, due to frequently changing components of demand; Keynesian economists contempt annual budget adjustments and advocate for discretionary fiscal policies that instantly combat recessions and inflation despite causing surplus or deficit budget. In times of economic recession, when supply is more than demand hence causing reduction in commodity prices, demand has to be created. This is achieved by either reducing taxes or increasing government expenditure. Taxes are seen to reduce disposable income, readily available for consumption. A reduc tion in taxes increases disposable income and hence increases aggregate consumption. Government consumption on the other hand creates demand for the excess supply. In times of inflation the opposite is applied, that is increased taxes to reduce disposa